The China Poverty Alleviation Database, whose data come from Poverty Monitoring Report of Rural China, is a thematic database that comprehensively reflects the current status of the proceeding poverty alleviation in China. This database provides annual statistics on poverty alleviation in the whole country, poverty-stricken areas, contiguous destitute areas, and key counties of poverty alleviation. The main content covers Poverty in Rural Areas, Income and Consumption of Rural Permanent Residents, Poverty and Development in Poverty-stricken Areas, Housing and Family Facilities of Peasant Households, Infrastructure and Public Services of Rural Areas, Employment, Health and Education in Rural Areas, Community Development and Financial Status of Peasant Households, Overview of Key Counties of Poverty Alleviation. The database work as a solid support for government workers in decision-making and experts and scholars in researching, and contributes to the development of poverty alleviation in China. The data starts from 1978, updated annually.